SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF TARGETED MULTI-ENZYME SYSTEMS IN BIORECOVERY OF SECONDARY METABOLITES: FROM MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS TO OPTIMIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60087/jklst.vol5.n2.002Keywords:
Enzyme-assisted extraction, Targeted multi-enzyme systems, Enzyme synergism, Secondary metabolites, Process optimizationAbstract
The efficient recovery of plant-derived secondary metabolites has become a major research priority in response to the growing demand for sustainable production of high-value functional ingredients within the circular bioeconomy. Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) has emerged as a promising green extraction technology because of its high substrate specificity, mild operating conditions, and ability to preserve thermolabile bioactive compounds. However, the heterogeneous architecture of plant cell walls often limits the effectiveness of individual enzymes, emphasizing the need for rationally designed targeted multi-enzyme systems. This review provides a comprehensive and mechanism-oriented overview of recent advances in targeted multi-enzyme-assisted extraction for the recovery of plant secondary metabolites. Particular attention is given to plant cell wall architecture, molecular mechanisms of enzyme synergism, sequential deconstruction of pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, and the release mechanisms of matrix-bound bioactive compounds. The review further discusses rational strategies for designing biomass-specific enzyme cocktails based on substrate composition, enzyme complementarity, catalytic compatibility, and hydrolysis strategies. Recent developments in response surface methodology, kinetic modeling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are critically evaluated as advanced tools for predictive process optimization. Emerging technologies, including multi-enzyme co-immobilization, protein engineering, synthetic biology, continuous bioprocessing, and integrated biorefinery concepts, are also reviewed with respect to their potential for improving catalyst utilization, process scalability, and industrial sustainability. Overall, this review demonstrates the transition of enzyme-assisted extraction from empirical optimization toward knowledge-driven, precision-designed bioprocesses integrating molecular enzymology, process engineering, and computational intelligence, providing a scientific framework for sustainable biomass valorization and next-generation circular biorefineries.
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