EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL EXTRACTION ON IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SMILAX GLABRA ROXB. RHIZOME EXTRACTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60087/jklst.vol5.n3.006Keywords:
Smilax glabra Roxb, rhizome extracts, aqueous and ethanolic extraction, antibacterial agent, plant-derived compoundAbstract
Growing concerns about antimicrobial resistance have renewed interest in plant-derived compounds as potential sources of antibacterial agents. This study compared in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Smilax glabra Roxb. rhizomes and determined their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Radical-scavenging activity was also assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays. The extracts were prepared by aqueous extraction or maceration with 50%, 70%, and 96% ethanol (E50, E70, and E96), then tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. The ethanolic extracts generally showed greater antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract, with activity varying by concentration and bacterial strain. E96 had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25-12.5 mg/mL against S. paratyphi A, and its MIC values across the five strains ranged from 6.25 to 50 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values exceeded the highest concentration tested (100 mg/mL) for all extract-strain combinations. E96 had the highest TPC (284.85 0.66 mg GAE/g dry weight), whereas E50 had the highest TFC (750.56 1.43 mg QE/g dry weight). At 100 µg/mL, E96 also showed the highest radical-scavenging activity in the DPPH (84.04 0.17%) and ABTS (68.09 2.36%) assays. Overall, these findings identify E96 as the most active preparation among those tested and provide a comparative in vitro profile of the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic S. glabra rhizome extracts.
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