A Comprehensive Review on Cell Death

Abstract

A fundamental pathophysiological process, apoptosis is also a crucial stage in healthy growth and life. Despite the fact that a variety of triggers can cause cell death, the mode of cell death often follows distinct patterns. Necrosis is a non-physiological process that happens as a result of infection or injury. Apoptosis, also known as Type I cell death, and autophagy, often known as Type II cell death, are both types of planned cell death. Necrosis, which can take many various forms, is the death of cells brought on by outside forces like injury or infection. Necroptosis, a type of programmed necrosis, has recently been identified as an additional type of designed cell death. Necroptosis is thought to work as a cell-death fallback when apoptosis signaling is inhibited by endogenous or external elements like viruses or mutations. Cornification is a distinct process of terminal differentiation and programmed cell death that epidermal keratinocytes go through. The creation of the outermost skin barrier is a result of cornification. An overview of the various types of cell death and their mechanisms is provided in this review paper.